anti-Streptolysin O antibody rabbit serum

Code:64-001

Streptolysin O (SLO) is a membrane-damaging extracellular toxin produced by hemolytic streptococci. In the hemolytic streptococci infection the antibodies to various proteins secreted from the bacteria such as toxins increase. For the diagnostic confirmation of SLO production by the infection the measurement of the antibody ASLO (Anti-Streptolysin O) is most widely used.

Applications
1) Western blotting (x2000~10000 dilution)
2) Neutralization of hemolysis by Streptolysin O (SLO)
3) Immunoprecipitaion
4) ELISA

*Most of the anti-Streptolysin O polyclonal antibodies (ASLO) sold in the current market were obtained by immunizing with SLO purified from the culture supernatant of hemolytic Streptococci. But the SLO preparations were contaminated with other secreted proteins such as NADase. This product is highly specific to SLO because of the purity of immunogen

Immunogen: His6-tagged full-size recombinant SLO of S. dysgalactiae subsp. equismilis H46A (group C hemolytic Streptococci) expressed and highly purified from E. coli

Reactivity: Streptolysin O of Group ACand G origins

Form: Undiluted serum added with 0.09 % sodium azide.

Storage: Shipped at 4℃ or -20℃ and store at -20℃

Anti-NADase (hemolytic streptococcus) antibody rabbit serum

Code:64-005

NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) hydrolyzing enzyme is one of the extracellular enzymes and toxins produced by hemolytic streptococci. Although its function as a toxin is largely unknown it has been suggested to be related to pathogenicity of acute infection (1). NADase is produced not only by Group A hemolytic streptococci but also by Group C and Group G strains. The amino acid sequences are highly conserved among them and the antibodies cross-react each other. Upon infection of hemolytic streptococci the antibody titer to the NADase increases similarly to anti-SLO (Strreptolysin O) antibody.
Application
1) Western blotting (x 2000~10000 dilution)
2) Immunoprecipitation
3) Neutralization of NADase activity
4) ELISA

Anti-Cholera toxin antibody rabbit serum

code:64-007

Cholera toxin a main enterotoxin interacts with G proteins and increases cyclic AMP in the intestinal lining to open ion channels. As ions flow into the intestinal lumen (lining) body fluids (mostly water) flows out of the body due to osmosis leading to massive diarrhea as the fluid is expelled from the body. Cholera toxin is a complex consisting of one molecule of A subunit (27.2 kD) and 5 molecules of B subunits (11.6 kD). After secretion A subunit is proteolytically processed into A1 (22 kD) and A2 (5 kD) subunits which are held together by a disulfide bond. The toxin adsorbs to GM1 ganglioside on the surface of target cells by the B subunit and the A subunit is dissociated from the B subunit during penetration. The A subunit constitutively activates adenyl cyclase activity of α subunit of Gs (a kind of GTP-binding protein).

Anti-Diphtheria Toxin antibody rabbit serum

Code:64-010

Diphtheria toxin (535 aa 58 kDa) is an exotoxin secreted as a proenzyme by Corynebacterium diphtheriae the pathogen bacterium that causes diphtheria. The toxin gene is encoded by a bacteriophage. The proemzyme undergoes proteolytic nicking and reduction of disulfide bond giving rise to subunit A (21 kDa) and B (37 kDa). Subunit B (C-terminal) recognizes cellular receptor HB-EGF receptor and subunit A (N-terminal) catalyzes the ADP-ribosylation of eukaryotic elongation factor-2 (eEF2) inactivating this protein.
Applications:
1. Western blotting (1/2000 dilution).
2. ELISA (1/2000~1/7000 dilution. Could detect 1 ng or less of the toxin)
3. Immunoprecipitation (1/200~ 1/1000 dilution depending on assay)
4. Dot blotting (1/1000 dilution. Could detect 1 ng or less of the toxin) 　
Immunogen: Purified nontoxic mutant Diphtheria toxin CRM 197 (Ref 1 Product #01-515)

anti-TRH Toxin (V.parahemolyticus) antibody rabbit polyclonal IgG

Code:64-015

Many Vibrio parahemolyticus isolated as a cause of food poisoning produce toxin called hemolysin and this is the main cause of illness. The hemolysin of V. parahemolyticus mainly interacts with an intestinal tract or the heart produces diarrhea by enterotoxicity and also there are severe cases of making a patient die by cardiotoxicity. Two kinds heat-resistant hemolysin (TDH thermostable direct hemolysin) and heat-resistant toxin related hemolysin (TRH TDH-related hemolysin) are known as hemolysins of V. parahemolyticus. Among these TDH is known for many years and has been studied more extensively. In order to distinguish whether it is the V. parahemolyticus that produces TDH samples are grown on the Agatsuma medium (blood agar which is added with mannitol) and judged by whether a hemolysis is observed or not. This hemolysis was one of the examining methods which is called Kanagawa phenomenon to judges whether it is pathogenic V. parahemolytica. However it became clear that the food poisoning by the V. parahemolyticus of Kanagawa-phenomenon negativity was discovered and this organism did not produce TDH but it produced TRH. Moreover since the Kanagawa phenomenon sensitivity is not so high the immunological technique employing antibody against toxin is used together for the judgment of pathogenicity of V. parahemolyticus.
TRH is the heat labile toxin protein of molecular weight 21.1 kDa (189 aa). Homology of TDH (21.3 kDa 189 aa) with TRH is about 60% (reference 1 and 2) and shows partial antigenic similarities. Susceptibility of the blood cells of various animals to TRH differs greatly and TRH shows more than 100 times in rabbit skin capillary permeability activity than TDH.

anti-LT Toxin (E.coli) antibody rabbit serum

Code:64-020

Heat labile enterotoxin (LT) is produced by Entero Toxigenic E. coli.and is similar to cholera toxin (CT). The identity of the amino acid sequences of LT and CT is about 80% and both toxins are consist of one subunit A and five subunit B. LT continuously activates adenylate cyclase and elevated level of cAMP inhibits absorption of Na+ by intestinal villi cells and stimulates secretion of Cl- by villi and crypt cells thus causing diarrhea. It works as a potent mucosal adjuvant and is considered to be used as adjuvant with vaccines. Subunit A possesses signal peptide of the amino acids 1-18 and the mature form consists of 19-258 amino acids. Subunit B has signal peptide of 1-21 and the mature form consists of 22-124 amino acids.

anti-Vero Toxin1 (E.coli) / Shiga Toxin (S. dysenteriae) antibody rabbit serum

Code:64-025

Shipping　and Storage temperature : Ship at 4℃ aliquot and store at -20℃.

Reactivity: VT1 and VT2 of E. coli VTEC strain and Shiga toxin of
Shigella dysenteriae.

Immunogen: Initial immunization by VT1 toxoid and boostered by VT1 toxin.

Applications:
1) Western blotting (2000 fold dilution)
2) Immunoprecipitation
3) ELISA
.
Form: Rabbit antiserum added with 0.09% sodium azide.

anti- Pertussis Toxin antibody rabbit serum

Code:64-030

　Perrtussis toxin (PT) is a protein-based AB5-type exotoxin produced by Bordeterra pertussis. PT catalyzes the ADP-ribosylation of the α subunits of the heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins Gi Go and Gt and prevents intracellular signal transduction involving the G proteins. PT consists of one moplecule of each S1 (26 kDa) S2 (22 kDa) S3 (22 kDa) S5 (12 kDa) and two molecule of S4 (12 kDa). This product was highly purified (>90% pure) from Bordetella pertussis strain Tohama by the method of Skelton & Wong1). Cytotoxicity of the PT was confirmed by morphological alteration of CHO cells after treatment with 0.1 ng/ml of PT (see the Figure below).

Applications:
1. Western blotting (1/2000~1/10000 dilution)
2. ELISA (1/10000~1/20000 dilution)
3. Dot blotting (1/2000~1/10000 dilution)
4. Immunoprecipitation (1/200~1/500 dilution)
5. Neutralising (Assay dependent)
Other applications have not been tested.

anti- Streptococcus NADase Inhibitor antibody rabbit polyclonal

Code:64-004

NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) hydrolyzing enzyme is one of the extracellular enzymes and toxins produced by hemolytic streptococci. NADase inhibitor forms a complex with NADase in cells and only NADase is secreted into culture medium.

Anti- Tetanus Toxin antibody mouse monoclonal (TH-11)

Code:64-035

Backgroud: Tetanus toxin acts by inhibiting neurotransmitter release. It binds to peripheral neuronal synapses is internalized and moves by retrograde transport up the axon into the spinal cord where it can move between postsynaptic and presynaptic neurons. It inhibits neurotransmitter release by acting as a zinc endopeptidase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the 76-Gln-|-Phe-77 bond of synaptobrevin-2.

Molecular processing: The toxin encoded 1315 amino acids with mass of 150682 Da which is proteolyticallly processed into Light Chain (2-457) and Heavy Chain (458-1315) upon secretion. These remain linked by a disulfide bridge and are non-toxic after separation.